1“иxҪxȫĆ?”
ETSƬThe Life of An ItemV҂һx헵O(sh)Ӌֹ“__ģe`e`”߀Ҫ_“all the passage is covered by items”xxȫΰÿһx?
2“W(xu)g(sh)иɿ?”
иԇxӢZZԜyԇ(yng)ԓעڜyԇW(xu)“Z”쿼“W(xu)g(sh)֪R”ԓ}ETSаl(f)(jng)F.RobinشfиҲCriterion-Referenced|(zh)@ɱʹÌW(xu)g(sh)õČW(xu)ڿԇռЃ(yu)
3P(gun)Iʲô?
ETSuB.SuomiŮʿ˼Ļشdeveloping your ideaҲLJ@^c(})Mжչ_(dng)Ȼǰǵ^c_ӢZ
4ʲôǿԇеy}?
ETSuB.SuomiŮʿJA difficult item requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high level concept, not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter.
5ܲx?
“иxµLȱc}Ŀ(sh)ƥ”@x}ĿO(sh)Ӌԭtˣ“xoUԒ”mETSxԇҪˈDxҪ܉xȫIJ}P(gun)ϢЩͬW(xu)f“Mx꣬Ǵ_xôk?” ETSB.SuomiŮʿĽhȻŬx£keep reading, keep practicing.
6֔(sh)Ҫ?
ETSuJ.Bardشǿ϶x}Ҳܿ錑ǿ鲻productivityֻʹ^}ʽܿW(xu)λrg(ni)Įa(chn)@ҲZҪwF(xin)|(zh)֔(sh)ͬҪZͬ
SadekŮʿf֔(sh)ԽeĿԾԽŶ!300DZ^ǡ(dng)?sh)һƪ²ڌ˶չ_ՓC}Ŀ(Topic development is the most important issue here.) ͬrеfNo memorized language! ҪģŶ!
7“(f)h۷ֆ”?
ETSŮ醾팣Kimfǵġ(f)hǞ醾Ĺƽ(f)hĴ}oµϼ醾õijɿпܸڵڻԭгɿXؔһ(zi)(f)hL(fng)UX֔
8ܶͬW(xu)˛_֣ķ^ƫ}y}ό?
Ҫ^(q)eETS}Federic Robin_fIf we intend for an item to be difficult, we make certain that it is difficult because it requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high-level concept, not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter.Ҳf@y}߉(f)s߸(zhn)@ǿԽܵr;@Щy}(ni)ݻޝWҊô@N}һ҂ҪԵIJ
9ɷ(j)^ؼų“O~R”x?
ٷڳ}ĕrѽ(jng)x@Щ~oYxˡFederekf“Distracters(wrong options) should not include specific determiners(“always”/“never”)”.
10ÿһx}?
x}ĵһxǽ^܃HHMڵһ, һҪŪÿ_x_ԭͬrÿһe`xe`ԭETS}AshmoreV҂}ĕr@ôģᘌÿһ}һҪѴ𰸵ԭضx_
• Articulate why each distracter(wrong option) is wrong
• Consider whether you could defend the key(right option) to an examinee.
11(ji)}DzһҪļ(ji)?Щ߅߅߅ǵļ(ji)ɲܕ?
ETSنTJefffÿһ}ĿO(sh)Ӌĕr}߶ԼDoes the item measure something worth measuring, or is it trivial and unimportant?O(sh)ӋFЎׂɆTxߣtĕ@}Ŀڳ}ĕrҲO_xlength, complexity,or diction stand out.
12Z@NsubjectiveĿԇƽ?
1).ÿһZresponseǶһrater(,ETSvf17350raters......)ĵDZSCķֽoͬraters@ӾͿԴpͬһraterɶӰijһ˵ķ֔(sh)MCƽ
2).ZģǴ_е.v˷һοпZdz˜ҲdzǾ܇AԒmڶ}ĿĴ]Ќ|(zh)(ni)ıٽo˺ܵ͵ķ֔(sh)
13Zԇе¼?
ٸV҂ஔ(dng)test takersڿZԇĕrfI hate ETS.You make my life miserable.I am so mad about you. (dng)ж@ӵtest takersrٟoεЦЦfmore than you could expect.
؟(z)վϢԴھW(wng)j(lu)D(zhun)ddzڂfϢ֮Ŀζٝͬ^cC(ni)ݵ挍ԡCϢĺʴ_ԺԣҲϢIJʴ_z©(do)µκΓpʧpГ(dn)؟(z)W(wng)վϢHͷ(w)ĸ(j)ʹñW(wng)Yϰl(f)ƫվŲؓ؟(z)ؓκη؟(z)CKጙ(qun)